Project PDI support services
The PDI support systems will aim to enhance the whole network operation assuming mixed fleets penetration and to leverage the safety and cooperativeness of all CCAM users by sharing intentions of each other making them context-aware at any time given. They will also enhance the AVs ODD.
1. Equipped VRUs protection [ETRA], aiming to increase the protection of VRUs by using information from connected road users and AVs.
Applications and devices associated with the VRUs are used for localization and monitoring. The VRUs detection methods are based on artificial vision in combination with information from the applications and the OBUs, VRUs will be equipped with. The aggregated information of the VRUs, connected vehicles and infrastructure feeds the road network behaviour model that will track all its users and estimate their possible paths. Using this model, the possible trajectories of vehicles and VRUs are estimated and the possibility of risk situations is evaluated by using deep learning techniques and probabilistic methods.
2. Non-equipped VRUs protection [EDI]
This addresses the protection of non-equipped VRUs by mitigating the collision risk utilizing awareness techniques and warning the AVs for further action on their behalf.
The key technologies that will be deployed are V2X, I2V communication using SRC (ITS-G5) and LRC (4G/5G), vehicle, infrastructure and hybrid based sensor fusion. The information will be provided on a digital map. Information is exchanged between Vehicles (V2V) and RSUs
(I2V) as CPM/DENM messages.
3.UAV based VRU protection for closed environments [CERTH & SPECISOFT]
The scope of the service is to monitor the traffic from above and inform the connected vehicles about the position of other vehicles and VRUs that could be out of their line of sight, which can prove beneficial for both self-driving and human controlled vehicles.
The key technologies to be deployed in the UAV are perception sensors, the V2X, I2V and cellular communication hardware, high accuracy GNSS for the UAV, precise camera control, possibly a radar, vehicles and VRUs detection algorithms and object tracking.
4. Road workers in the field [ATLANDES]
This aims to send a cooperative message to approaching vehicles indicating that a road worker is in operation on traffic lanes or in a close vicinity, in order to complement the information that is shared by the traffic control centre and the visual signs (roadwork signs, “yellow” jackets).
The road worker, equipped with a Portable Road Side Unit (PRSU) is the initiator of the service, and the sender of messages. Approaching connected vehicles (automated or not) are the recipients of the service that proceed with manoeuvres adjustments when applicable.
5. Temporary road works [EDI]
This deploys a slightly different configuration of the service above i.e. ‘road workers in the field service’. It is for alerting the vehicles about temporary road works ahead, so that they proceed with the correct manoeuvres in time aiming also at the increase of situational awareness, the increase of road workers safety and the minimisaiton of related traffic incidents and/or their severity.
This service consists of using the possibilities offered by the CAV (Probe Data Vehicle) to optimise the Traffic Management and the level of safety at the road network, by making use of the more accurate information (compared with the traditional sensors installed on roads) that the connected vehicles can provide to the infrastructure.
7. Emergency vehicle approaching [ETRA & EDI]
This service informs the connected, automated or not, vehicles and road users about the emergency vehicle approaching aiming to increase road users’ safety by minimising accidents and collision risks, to reduce emergency vehicle travel time and to decrease overall congestion. The service is triggered upon the notification of an incident to the Emergency Management Centre that orders an Emergency Vehicle to go to the scene of the incident.
8. Insertion (on current lane or on insertion lane) [VALEO & COFIROUTE- ATLANDES]
Two variants are considered:
- PDI contribution to facilitate CAV insertion on highway from an entry slip road.
The service aims at informing the CAV of the presence and dynamic characteristics (position and speed) of vehicles on the highway potentially preventing a safe CAV insertion from the entry slip road.
- PDI contribution to help CAV manage collision risks with other vehicles entering highway.
The service aims at informing CAV of the presence and dynamic characteristics (position and speed) of vehicles on the entry slip road towards the highway insertion which the CAV is approaching, potentially generating a collision risk if the CAV stayed on the right lane.
9. Minimum risk manoeuvres (MRM) [VALEO & COFIROUTE]
For high levels of AD (L4), it is necessary to be able to ensure, in certain cases, that the vehicle is secured. In case of sensor failures, mechanical problems or any other emergency requiring an interruption of the autonomous mode, the vehicle must be able to perform a manoeuvre allowing it to go to safety. The vehicle must therefore be able to reach a free, accessible and nearby area to park. In the case of the AUGMENTED CCAM project, the infrastructure will provide information about the presence of the nearest available safety zone (refuge, parking or rest area). The vehicle will then be able to recalculate its trajectory considering this new waypoint and to reach it in order to be safe.
10. Localisation of assets and CCAM vehicles [LMT]
Localisation challenges with 5G 3GDPP release 17 will encompass 5G position features and is perfectly in timing with AUGMENTED CCAM proposal as R17 will be released at Q2/Q3 of 2022 and by 2023 vendor and user equipment would become available for real time tests. On the long run, localisation-based services may be one of enablers for several scenarios, once verified and tested at test site of Biķernieki.
The validation will focus on: Validation of precision increment referring/comparing to widely incorporated GNSS position solutions; Robustness assessment – indoor/outdoor & dense vegetation resilience; Evaluation of real energy and computation power consumption saving/effective solution.
11. Optimised logistic operation of AVs leveraging on advanced digital technologies and DT [Wings & CTL]
A logistics service will be developed for facilitating advanced delivery system that allows users to book delivery bays ahead of their arrival (e.g. some days before or some hours ahead or just when they approach the study area - last-minute booking). Such a system provides information based on the real-time network status and may be an effective tool for improving the quality and effectiveness of delivery services.